A sublimely pleasant presence in every landscape, Peonies are a breeze to grow and respond
brilliantly to the varied needs of modern day garden designs. An herbaceous perennial of the genus Paeonia, the Peony belongs to the family Paeoniaceae and comes to us from Asia,
Europe and parts of Western North America. Peony flowers are large,
showy and often fragrant, occuring in a glorious spectrum of colors including purple, red, white and yellow. They bloom in
late spring or early in summer, delighting all that behold with their wondrous floral display.
Peony plants relish slightly acidic soils (pH 6.5 to 7.0) with good drainage. They tend to do well in both full and partial
sun, becoming ideal candidates for borders, walkways, hedges and some of those unsightly, desperately in need for a facelift
spots of the garden. Peonies are great centerpieces and excellent
as cut flowers. Some peonies have a wonderful fragrance!
Fall is the ideal time of the year for planting peonies. Addition of organic matter to the soil is always useful and
advisable. Peonies should be spaced 90-120 cm apart in the garden. Set peony roots into the
soil at a depth of 2-3 cm, making sure the eyes are facing the skies. Gardeners in the South looking to plant early-blooming
peonies should wait until fall end, set the roots at a depth of 1 inch under the soil and remember to provide them some cover
against the sun. Pack the soil firmly around the roots and water well. Check on the plants regularly as they're developing
and irrigate whenever the soil appears to be drying up.
Dividing peonies
Peonies rarely require division and don't like root disturbance. You can enjoy your peony
plants in the same spot for decades, but you can move or divide them if necessary. Digging up
peonies is best done after the foliage begins to die back in fall or in early spring. Lever the peony plant out of the
ground with a fork or spade. Shake the plants gently to remove the soil from the roots. Locate the buds (eyes) on the roots
and cut apart the clump with a sharp knife or sharp spade with each section containing two to five buds. When planting the
divisions, the eyes of the root should be planted facing upward, no more than 1-3 cm below the surface of the soil.
Fertilizing peonies
For best results, peonies should be fed in spring, and again halfway through the growing season. Use a low nitrogen
fertilizer (like our 5-10-5 Food for Bulbs and Perennials fertilizer). Do the first feeding when the stems are about 5-8 cm
high. Peonies that are over fertilized often develop poorly and produce few blooms. A fertilizer with too much nitrogen is
particularly harmful. Peonies require extra potassium (the 'P' in the fertilizer contents)
for stem strength and disease resistance.
Tip:
Peonies may not bloom the first spring after planting. It may take a year for them to settle
in. By their third spring they are maturing and producing an abundance of flowers.
Fall is for peony planting
Newly planted bare root peonies will establish new feeder roots
when you plant them in the Fall. The winter freezing temperatures will not affect the roots, peonies like the cold. Peonies planted in the fall will establish much faster than spring
planted ones.
Peony Flower Types
In the copy we will describe/mention the flower type. The American Peony Society recognizes 6 forms:
Double - Consists mostly of petals, almost no stamens.
Semi-double - Five or more outer guard petals with a center of smaller inner petals.
Bomb - The stamens of this flower are completely transformed into inner petals. These inner
petals are narrower than the outer guard petals so that the flower looks like a
sculpted ball of ice cream on a shallow bowl.
Anemone - The stamens of this flower are transformed
into petaloids - small, narrow petals
the center of the flower - surrounded by the outer guard petals.
Japanese - Five or more guard petals arranged around a
large center filled with carpels and
stamens. Stamens are transformed into stamenoids which are similar to stamens in
form and color but have a lumpy texture and thicker tissue that prevents them from
shedding pollen.
Single - Five or more guard petals arranged around the carpels and pollen-bearing stamens.
What is an Itoh Peony?
An Itoh Peony (or Intersectional Peony) is a cross between herbaceous and tree peonies. It has a woody base and stems that
are more compact and sturdier than bush (herbaceous) peonies. The large, mostly semi-double flowers sit right on top of the
foliage. They usually bloom after the bush peonies.
Picking peony flowers
Harvest peony flowers for bouquets when the flower buds show the first signs of opening up. If they're still as hard and
round as a bullet they will not open fully. Cut the stems at an angle. Fill the vase with fresh, cold water.
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